[master] 8e40d2548 Thinking about QUIC and OSI protocols

[Poul-Henning Kamp]

commit 8e40d254802b6e668c52f64991d6471398381e87
Author: Poul-Henning Kamp <phk at FreeBSD.org>
Date:   Mon Sep 9 12:07:30 2019 +0000

    Thinking about QUIC and OSI protocols

diff --git a/doc/sphinx/phk/index.rst b/doc/sphinx/phk/index.rst
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@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ You may or may not want to know what Poul-Henning thinks.
 .. toctree::
 	:maxdepth: 1
 
+	quic.rst
 	VSV00003.rst
 	patent.rst
 	lucky.rst
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+QUIC visions of OSI
+-------------------
+
+New York Times Style Magazine had an article last week
+`about the Italian town Ivrea
+<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/28/t-magazine/olivetti-typewriters-ivrea-italy.html>`_,
+which you have probably never heard about.
+
+Neither had I, 30+ years ago, when I got sent there as part of a project
+to migrate the European Parliament from OSI protocols to TCP/IP.
+
+What ?  You thought OSI protocols were only a theory ?
+
+Nothing could be further from the truth.
+
+One of the major reasons we are being bothered by Indian "Microsoft
+Support" all the time is that the global telephone network runs on
+Signalling System Number 7 ("SS7") which is very much an OSI
+protocol.
+
+Your electricity meter very likely talks DLMS(/COSEM), which is also
+an OSI protocol.
+
+In both cases, it cost serious money to just get to read the relevant
+standards, which is why they could persist in this madness
+undisturbed for decades.
+
+ITU-T finally saw the light a few years back, so now you can actually
+Read `Q.700 <https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/index.aspx?ser=Q>`_
+if you do not belive me.
+
+Anyway, back in Luxembourg in the tail end of the 1980'ies, the European
+parliament ran OSI protocols, and it sucked, and the more I dug into "The
+Red/Yellow/Blue Book"[#f1]_, there more obvious it was that these
+protocols were totally unsuitable for use on a local area network.
+
+We proposed to migrate the European Parliament to use TCP/IP, and
+we did, which gave me a memorable year in Ivrea, but we could only
+do so on the explicit condition, imposed by the European Commission,
+that the parliament would migrate back, "…once the issues with the
+OSI protocols were sorted out."
+
+They never sorted them out, because the OSI protocols were designed
+and built by people who only considered communication between different
+buildings, cities, countries and continents, but not what happened
+inside each individual building [#f2]_.
+
+Having seen the title of this rant, you can probably already see where
+I'm going with this, and you will be mostly right.
+
+The good news is that IETF learned their lesson, so QUIC is not
+being rammed through and rubber-stamped the way HTTP/2 was,
+in fact, one could argue that IETF got their revenge by handing
+QUIC over to their arc-nemesis:
+`The Transport Area <https://tools.ietf.org/area/tsv/>`_.
+
+I think that was a good thing, because pretty much all of my
+predictions about H2 came true, from the lack of benefits to the
+DoS exposure designed into it.
+
+All those aliments came by because the people who pushed "H2 the
+protocol previously known as SPDY" only considered the world from
+the perspective of a huge company with geo-diverse datacenters for
+whom packet loss is something that happens to other people and
+congestion is solved by sending an email to Bandwidth Procurement.
+
+But those concerns are precisely what the "dinosaurs" in the Transport
+Area care about and have studied and worked on for decades, so there
+is every reason to expect that QUIC will emerge from the Transport
+Area much better than it went in.
+
+While I was pretty certain that H2 would be a fizzle, I have a much
+harder time seeing where QUIC will go.
+
+On the positive side, QUIC is a much better protocol, and it looks
+like the kind of protocol we need in an increasingly mobile InterNet
+where IP numbers are an ephemeral property.  This is the carrot, and
+it is a big and juicy one.
+
+In the neutral area QUIC is not a simple protocol, it is a full
+transport protocol, which means loss detection, retransmission,
+congestion control and all that, but you do not get better than TCP
+without solving the problems TCP solved, and those are real and
+hard problems.
+
+On the negative side, QUIC goes a long way to break through barriers
+of authority, both by putting it on top of UDP to get it through
+firewalls, but also by the very strong marriage to TLS1.3 which
+dials privacy up to 11:  Everything but the first byte of a QUIC
+packet is encrypted.
+
+Authorities are not going to like that, and I can easily see more
+autoritarian countries outright ban QUIC, and to make that ban
+stick, they may even transition from "allowed if not banned" to
+"banned if not allowed" firewalling.
+
+Of couse QUIC would still be a thing if you are big enough to
+negotiate with G7-sized governments, and I would not be surprised
+if QUIC ends up being a feasible protocol only for companies which
+can point at the "job creation" their data-centers provide.
+
+The rest of us will have to wait and see where that leaves us.
+
+QUIC and Varnish
+----------------
+
+I can say with certainty that writing a QUIC implementation
+from scratch, including TLS 1.3 is out of the question, that
+is simply not happening.
+
+That leaves basically three options:
+
+1) Pick up a TLS library, write our own QUIC
+
+2) Pick up a QUIC library and the TLS library it uses.
+
+3) Stick with "That belongs in a separate process in front of Varnish."
+
+The precondition for linking an TLS library to Varnishd, is that
+the private keys/certificates are still isolated in a different
+address space, these days known as "KeyLess TLS".
+
+The good news is that QUIC is designed to do precisely that [#f3]_ .
+The bad news is that as far as I can tell, none of the available
+QUIC implementations do it, at least not yet.
+
+The actual selection of QUIC implementations we could adopt is very
+short, and since I am not very inclined to make Go or Rust a
+dependency for Varnish, it rapidly becomes even shorter.
+
+Presently, The H2O projects `quicly <https://github.com/h2o/quicly>`_
+would probably be the most obvious candidate for us, but even that
+would be a lot of work, and there is a some room between where
+they have set their code quality bar, and where we have put ours.
+
+However, opting to write our own QUIC instead of adopting one
+is a lot of work, not in the least for the necessary testing,
+so all else being equal, adopting sounds more feasible.
+
+With number three we abdicate the ability to be "first line" if
+QUIC/H3 does become the new black, and it would be incumbent on us
+to make sure we work as well as possible with those "front burner"
+boxes using a richer PROXY protocol or maybe a "naked" QUIC,
+to maintain functionality.
+
+One argument for staying out of the fray is that our "No TLS in
+Varnish" policy looks like it was the right decision.
+
+While it is inconvenient for small sites to have to run two
+processes, as soon as sites grow, the feedback changes to
+appreciation for the decoupling for TLS from policy/caching,
+and once sites get even bigger, or more GDPR exposed, the
+ability to use diverse TLS offloaders is seen as a big benefit.
+
+Finally, there is the little detail of testing:  Varnishtest,
+which has its own `VTest project <https://github.com/vtest/VTest>`_
+now, will need to learn about HTTP3, QUIC and possibly TLS also.
+
+And of course, when we ask the Varnish users, they say *"Ohhh...
+they all sound delicious, can we have the buffet ?"* :-)
+
+*phk*
+
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+
+.. [#f1] The ITU-U's standards were meant to come out in updated
+	 printed volumes every four years, each "period" a different
+	 color.
+
+.. [#f2] Not, and I want to stress this, because they were stupid
+         or ignorant, but it simply was not their job.  Many
+         of them, like AT&T in USA, were legally banned from
+	 the "computing" market.
+
+.. [#f3] See around figure 2 in `the QUIC/TLS draft <https://quicwg.org/base-drafts/draft-ietf-quic-tls.html>`_.